The population growth rates are highest during:
A. Ist stage of demographic transition
B. IInd stage of demographic transition
C. IIIrd stage of demographic transition
D. IVth stage of demographic transition
8. Some of the current sources of population data in the developing countries include:
A. Censuses
B. Vital registration system
C. Sample surveys
D. All of the above
11. The word ‘transition’ in ‘Classic Demographic Transition’ implies
A. Shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
B. Shift from low birth and low death rates to high birth and high death rates
C. Shift from low birth rate and high death rate to high birth rate and low death rates
D. None of the above
The share of sub-Saharan Africa in the total world population in 21st century will:
A. Will decline substantially
B. Will increase substantially
C. Will stay the same
D. None of the above
12. The overall rate of population change in a country A was 2% in year 1999. The rate of net migration in the same year was -0.05%. What has been the rate of crude natural increase in country A in year 1999
A. 2.05%
B. 1.95%
C. 1.5%
D. 1.05%
Question I: The table below indicates the percentage of world population per some continents, comment the population trends of these continents.
Region
1900
2000
2050
Africa
Europe
Oceania
8,1
24,6
0,4
13,5
11,8
0,5
21,8
6,9
0,5
Total population (x106)
1.650
6.168
9.857
Question 3: Interpret (give the meaning) of the following indicators:
The neonatal mortality rate of Nigeria is 68 per 1000 2 marks
The crude birth rate of Ethiopia is 40 per 1000, but its total fertility is 5 births. 2 marks
The demographic dependence ratio of Mexico was 72% and the median age of the total population 28 years in 2005 while for Kenya these figures were 98% and 18 years respectively. Compare the population structures of these two countries using these figures.
Question 6: The urban growth rate of Tanzania is 4.5% and its urbanization rate 40%. These indicators are 8% and 28% for Ghana respectively. Which of the following statements is true:
A. Tanzania has a higher level of urban growth than Ghana
B. Ghana has a higher proportion of rural populations than Tanzania
C. Tanzania has a lower rate of urbanization than Ghana
D. Ghana has a higher level of urbanization rate than Tanzania
E. Tanzania has both higher proportions of urban and rural populations than Ghana
F. Ghana has both lower proportions of urban and rural populations
G. None of the above 2 marks
Question 1. In 2018, the 6th Kenyan Census recorded the following events:
Total population: 20,399, 000
Urban population: 28% of the total population
Total females: 11,400,000
Males 15-49 years: 4,695,000
Female 15-49 years: 4,750,000
Emigrants: 6,800
Net migration: -1,580
Annual number of births: 580,000
Annual number of deaths: 230,000
Deaths before reaching five years: 38,000
Deaths during the first month: 13,500
Deaths during the first year (<365 days): 24,000
Calculate: a) Population growth rate b) General fertility rate; c) Natural increase rate d) Crude death Rate e) Post-neonatal mortality rate; f) sex ratio of the total population;
Question 2. Present briefly the demographic transition theory (or model) by indicating the different stages and the causes of shift from one stage to another.
Question 2. What are the effects of urbanization on population growth? 4 marks
Question 3: What are the effects of urbanization of a country on its economic growth?
Question 3: Total fertility rate level depends on:
Total population d. Total men 15-49 years
Total male population e. Total women 15-49 years
Total female population f. none of the above 1 mark
Question 4: Which of the following statements is true about the effect of migration on population growth:
a) Always positive; b) Always negative; c) May be negative or positive
d) Never impact population growth, e) none of the above
Q.1. An Ethiopian census recorded the following information in 2015.
Age 5 grps
Number of Women
Number of men
Number of male births
Number female births
12-14
8,322
8222
42
41
15-19
8,709
8578
600
586
20-24
9,389
9219
1900
1905
25-29
10,625
10380
2400
2405
30-34
10,971
10587
800
795
35-39
10,013
9612
457
458
40-44
8,913
8378
72
70
45-49
7,004
6443
10
9
50-54
5,150
4635
0
0
55-59
2,634
2370
0
0
Compute the Crude Birth Rate if the total population is 240,845,000; B. Compute the Total Fertility Rate;
Q. 2: What are the similarities and dissimilarities between neonatal mortality, perinatal mortality and stillbirths?
Question I. What are the similarities and dissimilarities between (1) General Fertility Rate and Total Fertility Rate, (2) Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate.
Q 3. The 2012 Rwanda General Census has counted a total population of 10.500.000 people. Assume that, in order to accelerate development, the government decides that the population should not exceed 14 million in 2030. A) At which population growth rate should the population grow? B) If the population continue to grow at the current level of 2.4%, in which year will reach the 14 millions?
Question III. The 2012 Rwanda General Census found that the Rwandan population was 10.500.000 people. Assume that, in order to accelerate development, the government decides to stabilize the population at 15 million with an average population growth of 1.8%. In which year this population will reach this target of 15 millions.
Q 5: The difference between crude birth rate (CBR)/TFR and General fertility rate (GFR) is that:
CBR considers women 15-49 years while GFR considers the total population
CBR considers the total population while GFR considers the total women
CBR considers the total women while GFR considers the total population
CBR considers the total women while GFR considers women of 15-49 years
CBR considers women 15-49 years while GFR considers the total women
None of the above
Q 6: The computation of Population Growth Rate requires data on: a) natural increase and births; b) natural increase and deaths; c) net migration and births, d) net migration and deaths, e) births and deaths; f) births, deaths and emigrants g) none of the above
Q 7: Asian continent is among the least urbanized worldwide, but among those with the highest urban growth rate. This is due to: A. Its high number of urban populations B) it is fast development; C) one child policy which intensified rural-urban migration D) its highest number of rural populations; E. its highest number of cities;
Differentiate Boomsters and Doomsters in regard to the relationship between population growth and economic development.
What are preventive and positive checks according to Malthus?
In which phase of demographic transition shall we place Rwanda? Justify your answer.
Match the phases of demographic transition and phases of epidemiological transition
Match the phases of demographic transition and phases of migration transition
Which factors change the population to move from the phase 1 to phase 2 of demographic transition.
Which factors change the population to move from the stage 2 to stage 3 of demographic transition?
Which factors change the population to move from the phase 3 to stage 4 of the demographic transition?
Answers:
8. D. All of the above
11. A. Shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
12. B. 1.95%
Question I:
Africa's population will decrease slightly, Europe's population will decrease substantially, and Oceania's population will stay relatively constant.
Question 3:
Neonatal mortality rate refers to the number of deaths per 1000 live births within the first 28 days of life in a particular year in Nigeria.
The crude birth rate in Ethiopia refers to the number of live births per 1000 people in the population while the total fertility rate is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime.
The demographic dependence ratio refers to the proportion of the economically dependent population (under 15 years and over 65 years) to the economically productive population (15-64 years) in a given year. In Kenya, the demographic dependence ratio is higher while the median age of the population is lower compared to Mexico, indicating a younger population structure in Kenya.
Question 6:
D. Ghana has a higher level of urbanization rate than Tanzania
Question 1:
a) Population growth rate: (580,000 - 230,000) / 20,399,000 * 100 = 1.68%
b) General fertility rate: (580,000 / (11,400,000 + 4,750,000)) * 1000 = 36.17
c) Natural increase rate: (580,000 - 230,000) / 20,399,000 * 100 = 1.68%
d) Crude death rate: (230,000 / 20,399,000) * 1000 = 11.28
e) Post-neonatal mortality rate: (24,000 / (20,399,000 - 580,000)) * 1000 = 1.19
f) Sex ratio of the total population: (11,400,000 / 15,999,000) * 1000 = 712.55
Question 2:
The demographic transition theory consists of four stages: high stationary, early expanding, late expanding, and low stationary. The shift from one stage to another is caused by changes in birth rates, death rates, and economic development.
Question 3:
Urbanization can lead to population growth through increased migration to urban areas, higher fertility rates associated with urban living conditions, and decreased mortality rates due to better access to healthcare and sanitation.
Question 4:
Total fertility rate level depends on: Total female population.
Question 5:
c) May be negative or positive
Q.1.
a) Crude Birth Rate: (42+600+1900+2400+800+457+72+10) / 240,845,000 * 1000 = 16.46
b) Total Fertility Rate: Sum of number of births / Sum of number of women of childbearing age = (42+600+1900+2400+800+457+72+10) / (9,389 + 10,625 + 10,971 + 10,013 + 8,913 + 7,004) = 4.08
Q.2:
Neonatal mortality refers to deaths within the first 28 days of life, perinatal mortality includes deaths around the time of birth (usually the week before and after), and stillbirths refer to babies born dead after the 28th week of pregnancy.
Q 3.
General Fertility Rate (GFR) refers to live births per 1000 women of reproductive age and Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime. Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is the number of live births per 1000 people and Crude Death Rate (CDR) is the number of deaths per 1000 people.
Q 6.
f) births, deaths and emigrants
Q 7.
A. Its high number of urban populations
Extra questions:
Boomsters believe that population growth leads to economic prosperity, while Doomsters believe that rapid population growth leads to resource depletion and environmental degradation.
Preventive checks are actions taken to prevent population growth, such as abstinence or contraceptive use, while positive checks are factors that increase mortality rates, like famine or disease.
Rwanda is in the late expanding phase of demographic transition, characterized by high birth rates and decreasing death rates.
The phases of demographic transition are pre-transition, early transition, late transition, and post-transition. The phases of the epidemiological transition are age of pestilence and famine, age of receding pandemics, and age of degenerative and man-made diseases.
Migration transition consists of stages based on levels of international migration, from pre-industrial societies with low levels of migration to current times with high levels of international migration.
Factors that move a population from stage 1 to stage 2 of demographic transition include improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition.
Factors that move a population from stage 2 to stage 3 include increased access to education, urbanization, and increased women's rights.
Factors that move a population from stage 3 to stage 4 of demographic transition include access to modern methods of contraception, economic development, and changing social norms.