Causes of change of stage two to stage three in demographic transition
1. Declining birth rates: In stage two of the demographic transition, birth rates are high while death rates are decreasing. As birth rates begin to decline due to various factors such as increased access to family planning services, education, and urbanization, the population growth rate slows down and the country enters stage three.
2. Improved healthcare and sanitation: Advances in healthcare and sanitation lead to a decrease in infant mortality rates and an increase in life expectancy. This results in a larger proportion of the population surviving into adulthood, leading to a decrease in the overall population growth rate.
3. Urbanization and industrialization: Urbanization and industrialization lead to changes in societal norms and values, including smaller family sizes and increased participation of women in the workforce. This shift towards smaller families and delayed childbearing contributes to a decline in birth rates and ultimately leads to the transition to stage three.
4. Education and empowerment of women: Increased education and opportunities for women can lead to changes in reproductive behavior, including delayed marriage, increased use of contraception, and a focus on careers and personal goals. This empowerment of women can contribute to a decline in birth rates and a shift to stage three of the demographic transition.